Applied research into the production process of gama - Globulin from Human Plasma and Standard gama - Globulin with Rich of Anti \u2013 HBs

Introduction: The need for gama \u2013 globulin, especially gama - globulin - anti \u2013 HBs, is huge in Vietnam. A number of patients cannot to afford use them due to the high price as they are imported. Meanwhile, Vietnam has high quality input sources for producing gama \u2013 globulin. \r\n', u'Objectives: To study the production process of gama - Globulin from Human Plasma and Standard gama - Globulin with Rich of Anti \u2013 HBs. \r\n', u'Subjects and method: 168 samples of human plasma from voluntary blood donors, which had been screened with for transfusion transmittable infections (TTLs), were chosen as plasma with rich of anti - HBs. The plasma with anti - HBsAg was precipitated with ethanol 25%, pH 6,9 to gain gama - globulin with rich anti - HBs, which was dried by Dutch Ly - 3 - TTE machine. Activation of anti - HBs gama - globulin was identified by a standard method of the degree of antibody specific for anti - HBsAg kit of BIORAD, \r\n', u'Results: The purity of the gama - globulin achieved was 93%, which was almost equal with the results of some foreign researchers (7.8), the activation of anti - HBs was 1:128 dilution degree. The productivity of gama - globulin gaining from 1 litter plasma was 6.0 gram. This new issue was first demonstrated in Vietnam. \r\n', u'Conclusion: We can domestically produce anti-Bs gama - globulin with high degree of activeness (1:128) from human plasma by the precipitating method with ethanol, pH and low temperature. \r\n', u'

The results of studying procedure to reduce erythrocytes from cord blood using to long-term storage of CD34 cells

Background: The reduction of erythrocytes from cord blood is very need for long - term storage of C034 cells for transplantation. Reduced erythrocyte will reduces preservative blood volume, preservatives and freely HST when defrosting, so stem cells are better protected. Objectives: To study selection of the best centrifugal procedure to reduce maximal erythrocytes and lose minimal C034 cells from cord blood. Subjects and methods: 20 blood samples selected from 60 cord blood units was used for this study. The study was carried out through two steps. In the first step, the centrifugal speed was fixed and the centrifugal time was changed.In the second step, the centrifugal time was fixed, the centrifugal speed was changed. From collected results the best appropriate procedure to reduce erythrocytes from cord blood have been selected. Results: The procedure of gradient centrifuge with speed of 500g in 6 minutes isolated> 50% of erythrocytes, kept > 84% of CD34 cells and then centrifuge of 1000 g in 10 minutes reduced about 40% of volume of nuclear cell - suspension. Conclusion: The procedure can use for preparation of stem cell suspension from cord blood to storage in nitrogen liquid. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'

Result of production of standard Albumin from human plasma

Background: Human albumin was produced and used in many countries. Cohn's technique had been used to precipitate albumin from human plasma. This technique was easy and cheap and the quality of the product was good. In Vietnam, human albumin had to import, but the prices was very expensive. Vietnam was having good plasma in large quantity and high quality. That\u2019s why research on production plasma albumin was essential.\r\n", u"Objectives: This study aimed at using Cohn's technique improved by Drohan and Van - Aken to produce standard albumin from human plasma. Subjects and method: Human plasma detected VIII-factor was used for present study. Plasma \ufffd?albumin was precipitated by ethanol at low temperature and pH. The collected albumins have been liophilizated and storage at 40C. The quality and quantity of Albumin was evaluated by quantitative analysis and protein \ufffd?electrophoresis. Results: The 418g of albumin powder was produced from 16 liters of plasma detected F \ufffd?VIII. The quality of this albumin come up to standard (>95%) and quantity of albumin collected from one liter of this plasma was 26g. Conclusion: In the Vietnamese condition, the technique of Cohn can be used to produce standard albumin for treatment.\r\n", u'

Using and evaluating cost-effectiveness of NAT in screening HIV, HCV, HBV in blood donors

Background: Nucleic acid testing (NAT) has been widely used for transfusion - transmitted infection screening at blood banks all over the world to reduce window period, yet the assay has not been implemented in Vietnam. Objective: Using and evaluating cost - effectiveness of NAT in screening HIV, HCV, HBV in blood \r\n', u'donors. Subjects and methods: The study was carried out on 9392 blood donors at National Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion from Jan to May 2007 who were HIV, HCV, HBV negative with ELISA. Plasma from donors was pooled (pool size of 8) and tested with UItrio Procleix HIV - 1, HCV, HBV (Chiton). Results: These 9392 plasma samples were pooled into 1174 pool samples to perform NAT. Among 1174 pooled samples, there was only 1 case with negative ELISA - Reactive NAT. The sample was determined as response with probe HCV. From there, one of eight pool samples was identified responding to probe HCV and it was more likely to have been missed in the window period when screened by ELISA.Conclusion: The sample should be further tested with HCV qualitative and quantitative testing to confirm the status of infection. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'

Mobilization with granulocyte \ufffd?colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and collection peripheral blood CD34 cells from healthy volunteer for allograft

Background: Peripheral blood stem cells are today the mains source of cells for transplantation. The number of CD34 in peripheral blood of adult healthy volunteers is very low, so we have to mobilize. Objectives: To apply a protocol to collect CD4 cells in peripheral blood of normal donors mobilized by using G-CSF. Subjects and method: G-CSF (Leukokin) at a dose 10 mcg/kg/day was injected subcutaneously in 5 consecutive days for mobilization CD34 from 5 healthy donors. Count the number of CD34 everyday and collect CD34 cells in 5th \ufffd?6th day by automated blood cell separator (COBE-Spectra), observed clinical and hematilogy, biochemistry symtoms spontaneously. Results: The number of CD34 harvested is 215,5 \ufffd?570,2 x 106 CD34/donor. Almost other of parameters of hematology and biochemistry of donors were normal after one week from the last separation. Conclusion: Mobilization with G-CSF and aphaeresis of periphral blood stem cell from normal donors is feasibility and safety. The number of CD34 can be to allograft for an adult patient.

The serum viscosity in Vietnam people

The evaluation of serum viscosity contributes to the diagnosis of some hematopathology, cardiopathology. A study on 303 healthy persons with ages of 18-81 in Hanoi was carried out to determine the Vietnamese serum viscosity. The results have shown that the serum viscosity found in the normal people was 9.180.47 (1.52-2.45). There is no significant different of the serum viscosity between men and women. The serum viscosity is gradually increased as increased age.

Values of fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs) and D-dimmer in healthy people

The study involved 32 healthy blood donors (16 men and 6 women). Plasma D-dimer and FDPs levels were determined by semi-quantitative method, using chemical procedure of the Stago Inc., France. The results showed that plasma FDPs level in healthy people was lower than 40 g/ml (93.75% of the participants had lees than 20 g/ml). Plasma D-dimer level was 1-4 g/ml, with 75% of the participants had D-dimer values ranged from 1 to 2 g/ml.

The cytological features of patients with myeloproliferative syndrome

Objectives: Finding the markers/symptoms of cytology for each disease and all diseases belonged the myeloproliferative syndrome (MPS). Subjects: 55 patients in the H÷u NghÞ Hospital during 1985-1998. Results: The increased leukocytes and immature cells found in the peripheral blood of patients with MPS. However, the level and rate of these were different: 1st increased level (chronic granulocytic leukemia, 2nd increased level (essential myelofibrosis), 3th increased level(primary multi erythro was always accompanied with erythrocythmia where as the chronic granulocytic leukemia and essential myelofibrosis were accompanied with anemia. The primary thrombocythenia remains the normal erythrocyte. The thrombocythenia is not a obviously marker in the primary thrombocyte but also in the chronic granulocytic leukemia and the primary multierythrocyte. The thrombocyte found in the peripheral blood of patients with myeloproliferative syndrome. The number of marrow cells were reduced in the essential myelofibrocythemia remained at normal level. The significant increased number of marrow cells found in the most of patients with the chronic granulocytic leukemia. The obvious increased rate of germ cell of granulocyte and thrombocyte in the marrow cell picture.

Clinical features of patients with myeloproliferative syndrome (MPS)

This study included 55 patients who admitted to Huu Nghi Hospital from 1985 to 1998. It is found that spleen enlargement is common in myeloproliferative conditions, with the incidence is 100% of patients who have chronic granulocytic leukemia and those have idiopathic myelosclerosis. These patients have grade II or more of spleen enlargement. This symptom is less common in patients who have polycythemia vera or essential trombocythemia, and these patients are likely to have grade I of spleen enlargement. Anemia is more likely to be found in patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia, especially in those with idiopathic myelosclerosis, but this symptom is infrequent in patients with essential trombocythemia. Patients with polycythemia vera in typical have excessive blood. Infection and hemorrhage occurred predominantly in patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia and in some cases of essential trombocythemia. Symptoms of high blood pressure, tip finger bruise and limb weakness have been found mainly in patients with polycythemia vera. In some cases with polycythemia vera, both red cell and white cell counts are increased. While patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia, polycythemia vera and idiopathic myelosclerosis expresses obvious clinical symptoms, the symptoms in patients who have essential trombocythemia are unmarked.

Some opinions of the natural transform of the diseases in the myelo-proliferative syndrome (MPS)

MPS comprised 4 disease's forms, such as: Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CLM), polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytothemia (ET) and idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF). From 1985 to May-2001 at Friendship hospital, authors have followed up a group of 86 patients with MPS and some remarks had been drawn out: Some disease's forms of MPS can transform each other, such as: +PV transformed in to CML: 10.00%; +PV transformed in to ET: 16.67%; +IMF transformed in to CML: 66.67%; +ET transformed in to CLM: 8.0%. Some case in MPS, although have not yet truly transformed, but have some changes, as such: +ET with concomitantly increasing erythrocytes: 4.0%; +IMF with concomitantly increasing platelets: 33.33%; +CML with concomitantly increasing platelets: 21.43%; Authors have also mentioned many interesting issues about the way of transformation, the last diagnosis for those disease's forms and the prognosis of these transformations

Some opinions of progress of primary polycythemia vera

A study on 16 patients (male: 14; ages of 50-78) with the primary polycythemia vera treated by the specific guidelines has shown that the number of erythrocyte in patients with polycythemia vera after a duration of suffering the disease was increased, followed by gradual reduction and was at low level at last. The specific clinical signs can change comprised the number of hypertension can be reduced, the number of thrombocyte, and leukocyte can be slightly increased and should be treated in the first stage and second stage but should not be treated in the third stage

Blood transfusion at Huu Nghi Hospital between 1/1985 and 5/2000

For more than 15 years (1985 - 2000), there were 8100 blood transfusions performed at the H÷u NghÞ Hospital using 9486 blood units/products (average 1.17 blood units per case). Blood transfusion need of patients, frequency of transfused blood group, features of canceled blood and percentage of transfused blood amount of departments were followed. The results showed that the need of blood transfusion was raising. Group O blood was the most used and group AB was least used. Departments of Surgery, Clinical Hematology, Intensive Care and Hemodialysis used abundant blood transfusion for pathological conditions, including gastric and intestinal conditions, leukemia, myelodysplasia syndrome and bone marrow failure.

Some clinical and paraclinical features in 15 patients with the multiple myeloma in Friendship Hospital during 1980-1992

From the clinical and laboratory documents of the patients with multiple myeloma, the authors had drawn some conclusions. Most patients are from 45 to 59 years old (60%). The first clinical symptoms often seen are bone pain and anemia. Plasma cell is proliferated (in 93% of cases) and dominates the growth of other blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes). The immuno-electro phoresis X-rays... were found. Bence-Jones protein in the urine was positive in 27% of cases

Erythrocyte antigen, antibody and immunoimcompatibility of the erythrocyte blood group systems

The erythrocyte antigen, basically, is antigen of blood group systems and usually has 2 parts: protein and lipid or glucid. The erythrocyte antigens usually exist along the life. However, they can be impaired when a person is aging or suffering a disease. The erythrocyte antibodies are immunoglobulines in the plasma. Most of them are IgM and IgG, little with IgA. Currently 23 erythrocyte group blood systems with 250 antigens have been found.

Primarily results of the application of test hemoglobin A1c (HBA1C) in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the diabetes mellitus

A study on the 55 patients (27 patients with diabetes mellitus and 28 patients with the suspecting of diabetes mellitus) in the hematology and blood transfusion department of friendship hospital was carried out. The patients received the quantitative analysis of HbA1C by Diastat. The relation of HbA1C with glycemia was evaluated. The results were reported that the rate of patients with the high concentration of HbA1C is valuable. There was a direct correlation between HbA1C and glycemia in the most of patients.

Study on management of in patients with hematological diseases

Among 512 patients are under management of friendship hospital during 1987 –2001, 431 patients with hematological diseases in which there were 405 inpatients and 26 outpatients. The results showed that most of patients with hematological and hematopoietic diseases can be management in family such as primary marrow fibrosis, malignant lymphoma, hemolytic anemia in order to reduce the rounds of admission to hospital and complication and maintain normal life. The management in the families involved the consultation, tests and prescription for use at home.

Cluster of differentiation and its role in classification of acute leukemia

The general structure of the cluster of differentiation of antigens is divided in to 4 groups including transmembrane proteins type I, II, III and glycosylphosphatidyl inositol-anchored proteins (GPI). The cluster of differentiation plays an important role in both physiological and pathological hematology. This paper introduced some applications of cluster of differentiation in hematology and classification of acute leukemia such as myeloid acute leukemia, lymphoid acute leukemia and biphenotypic acute leukemia

Some heamatological features of the bone marrow failure

We had drawn out some following remarks from the our studied group of patients with bone marrow failure; - There are 89.29% patients with bone marrow failure in three blood cell lineages; and 35.71% of the patients is servere aplastic anemia. - 14.29% patients with bone marrow failure were finished in the diagnosis of acute leukemia(M1= 50%, M2= 50%). - The persentages of the patients with bone marrow failure died from infection (37.5%) and hemorrhage (50.0%) are still high. Almost of the patients were died in the stage from 24 months to 48 months after having the diagnosis.

Clinical and epidemiological features of bone marrow failure

From 26 patients with bone marrow failure, we had drawn some following remarks:- Over 50% of the patients is in the ages from 61 to 75 years old. (youngest: 42: oldest: 82 years old).- There were 38.46% of the patients that were used to contact with some causes of AA in their history particalarly 11.54%- using cloramphenicol; and 7.69% used to live in the area with American orange toxicant. - 100% of the patient with anemia; 15.36% with anemia + hemorrhage; then anemia + infection (7.69%) and anemia + hemorrahage + infection(7.69%).

Erythrocyte antigen-antibody and immunoincompatibility of erythrocyte blood group systems

The erythrocyte-antigen, basically is antigen of blood group systems, and usually has 2 parts: protein and lipid or glucid. The erythrocyte antigens usually exist along the life. However, they can be impaired when a person is aging or suffering from a disease. The erythrocyte antibodies are immunoglobulines in the plasma. Most of them are IgM, IgG and little with IgA. Currently, 23 erythrocyte blood group systems with more than 250 antigens have been found.